LaTeX排版¶

% 文档类型声明
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}

% 导言区（Preamble）：加载包、定义命令
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}      % 编码
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}     % 数学包
\usepackage{graphicx}            % 图片
\usepackage{hyperref}            % 超链接
\usepackage{booktabs}            % 精美表格

\title{My First LaTeX Document}
\author{Your Name}
\date{\today}

% 正文区
\begin{document}

\maketitle   % 生成标题

\begin{abstract}
This is the abstract of the paper.
\end{abstract}

\section{Introduction}
Your introduction text here.

\section{Method}
Your method description here.

\end{document}

\section{一级标题}           % 1. 一级标题
\subsection{二级标题}        % 1.1 二级标题
\subsubsection{三级标题}     % 1.1.1 三级标题
\paragraph{段落标题}         % 加粗的段落标题（无编号）

\textbf{加粗文本}            % Bold
\textit{斜体文本}            % Italic
\underline{下划线}           % Underline
\texttt{等宽字体}            % Monospace（用于代码）

% 无序列表
\begin{itemize}
  \item 第一项
  \item 第二项
  \item 第三项
\end{itemize}

% 有序列表
\begin{enumerate}
  \item 第一步
  \item 第二步
  \item 第三步
\end{enumerate}

将公式嵌入文本中：$E = mc^2$ 描述了质能等价关系。

$$
\mathcal{L} = -\sum_{i=1}^{N} y_i \log(\hat{y}_i) + (1-y_i)\log(1-\hat{y}_i)
$$

\begin{equation}
\text{Attention}(Q, K, V) = \text{softmax}\left(\frac{QK^T}{\sqrt{d_k}}\right)V
\label{eq:attention}
\end{equation}

\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}_{total} &= \mathcal{L}_{cls} + \lambda_1 \mathcal{L}_{reg} + \lambda_2 \mathcal{L}_{aux} \\
&= -\sum_i y_i \log p_i + \lambda_1 \|w\|_2^2 + \lambda_2 \mathcal{L}_{aux}
\end{align}

\usepackage{graphicx}  % 在导言区加载

\begin{figure}[htbp]   % h=here, t=top, b=bottom, p=page
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{figures/model.pdf}
  \caption{Overview of our proposed method.}
  \label{fig:model}
\end{figure}

% 在正文中引用：As shown in Figure~\ref{fig:model}, ...

\usepackage{subcaption}  % 导言区

\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.45\textwidth}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figures/result_a.pdf}
    \caption{Result on Dataset A}
    \label{fig:result_a}
  \end{subfigure}
  \hfill
  \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.45\textwidth}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figures/result_b.pdf}
    \caption{Result on Dataset B}
    \label{fig:result_b}
  \end{subfigure}
  \caption{Experimental results on two datasets.}
  \label{fig:results}
\end{figure}

% 位置参数含义：
% h - 尽量放在当前位置
% t - 放在页面顶部
% b - 放在页面底部
% p - 放在单独一页
% ! - 强制覆盖LaTeX的美学规则

% 推荐：[htbp] 让LaTeX自动选择最佳位置
% 强制当前位置：[H]（需要 \usepackage{float}）

\begin{table}[htbp]
  \centering
  \caption{Performance comparison on benchmark datasets.}
  \label{tab:results}
  \begin{tabular}{lccc}
    \toprule
    Method & Accuracy & F1-Score & Latency (ms) \\
    \midrule
    Baseline A & 85.2 & 83.6 & 12.5 \\
    Baseline B & 87.5 & 85.9 & 15.3 \\
    \textbf{Ours} & \textbf{91.3} & \textbf{89.9} & \textbf{10.2} \\
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\usepackage{booktabs}  % 导言区

% 对比效果：
% 传统表格使用 \hline —— 线条粗细一样，不够美观
% booktabs使用 \toprule/\midrule/\bottomrule —— 粗细有别，专业感强

\usepackage{multirow}  % 导言区

\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
  \toprule
  \multirow{2}{*}{Method} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Dataset A} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Dataset B} \\
  \cmidrule(lr){2-3} \cmidrule(lr){4-5}
  & Acc. & F1 & Acc. & F1 \\
  \midrule
  Method 1 & 85.2 & 83.6 & 78.1 & 76.5 \\
  Method 2 & 87.5 & 85.9 & 80.3 & 78.9 \\
  \textbf{Ours} & \textbf{91.3} & \textbf{89.9} & \textbf{84.7} & \textbf{83.2} \\
  \bottomrule
\end{tabular}

\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{xcolor}

\lstdefinestyle{mystyle}{
  backgroundcolor=\color{gray!10},
  commentstyle=\color{green!50!black},
  keywordstyle=\color{blue},
  numberstyle=\tiny\color{gray},
  stringstyle=\color{red},
  basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize,
  breaklines=true,
  numbers=left,
  frame=single
}
\lstset{style=mystyle}

\begin{lstlisting}[language=Python, caption=Training loop example]
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    for batch in dataloader:
        loss = model(batch)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
\end{lstlisting}

\usepackage{minted}

\begin{minted}[linenos, frame=lines, fontsize=\footnotesize]{python}
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class MyModel(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, hidden_size=256):
        super().__init__()
        self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_size, 10)
\end{minted}

BERT~\cite{devlin2019bert} introduced masked language modeling.
Recent work~\cite{brown2020language} showed that scaling helps.

% 文末添加参考文献列表
\bibliographystyle{plain}   % 或 ieee, acm, etc.
\bibliography{references}   % 对应 references.bib

% natbib：传统方案，兼容性好
\usepackage{natbib}
\citep{devlin2019bert}    % (Devlin et al., 2019)
\citet{devlin2019bert}    % Devlin et al. (2019)

% biblatex：现代方案，功能更强
\usepackage[backend=biber, style=numeric]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{references.bib}
\printbibliography

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, positioning}

\begin{tikzpicture}[
  node distance=2cm,
  block/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=blue!20,
                minimum height=1cm, minimum width=2cm,
                rounded corners},
  arrow/.style={-Stealth, thick}
]
  % 节点
  \node[block] (input)  {Input};
  \node[block, right=of input] (encoder) {Encoder};
  \node[block, right=of encoder] (decoder) {Decoder};
  \node[block, right=of decoder] (output) {Output};

  % 箭头
  \draw[arrow] (input)   -- (encoder);
  \draw[arrow] (encoder) -- (decoder);
  \draw[arrow] (decoder) -- (output);
\end{tikzpicture}