后端架构实战项目¶

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  # ====== 业务微服务 ======
  user-service:
    build: ./user-service              # 从本地 Dockerfile 构建镜像
    ports:
      - "8001:8001"                    # 宿主机端口:容器端口映射
    depends_on:                         # 声明服务启动依赖顺序
      - mysql
      - redis

  product-service:
    build: ./product-service
    ports:
      - "8002:8002"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - redis
      - elasticsearch                  # 商品服务依赖ES实现全文搜索

  order-service:
    build: ./order-service
    ports:
      - "8003:8003"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - redis
      - kafka                          # 订单服务通过Kafka实现异步消息通信

  # ====== 基础设施层 ======
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root        # 生产环境应使用secrets管理密码
    volumes:
      - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql      # 数据持久化：容器重启后数据不丢失

  redis:
    image: redis:7
    volumes:
      - redis-data:/data               # Redis数据持久化（RDB/AOF）

  kafka:
    image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest
    environment:
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181  # Kafka依赖ZooKeeper进行集群协调
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper

  elasticsearch:
    image: elasticsearch:8.0.0
    environment:
      discovery.type: single-node      # 单节点模式，生产环境应配置集群
    volumes:
      - es-data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data

# 命名卷：由Docker管理的持久化存储
volumes:
  mysql-data:
  redis-data:
  es-data:

# user-service-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment                        # 部署控制器：管理Pod副本的创建与更新
metadata:
  name: user-service
spec:
  replicas: 3                           # 运行3个Pod副本，实现高可用与负载均衡
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: user-service                 # 通过标签选择器关联Pod
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: user-service
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: user-service
        image: user-service:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8001
        env:                            # 通过环境变量注入中间件连接信息（服务发现）
        - name: MYSQL_HOST
          value: mysql-service          # 引用K8s Service名称，自动DNS解析
        - name: REDIS_HOST
          value: redis-service
---
# Service资源：为Pod提供稳定的网络入口和负载均衡
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: user-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: user-service                   # 将流量转发到匹配标签的Pod
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 8001                          # Service暴露端口
    targetPort: 8001                    # 转发到Pod的目标端口

# prometheus.yml — Prometheus监控配置
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s                  # 全局采集间隔：每15秒拉取一次指标数据

scrape_configs:                          # 抓取目标配置列表
  - job_name: 'user-service'            # 任务名：用于在Grafana中区分数据源
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['user-service:8001']  # 抓取目标地址（需暴露/metrics端点）

  - job_name: 'product-service'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['product-service:8002']